Using a chef knife, finely chop half of the hazelnuts; set aside.
In a medium-sized saucepan, bring an inch of water to a simmer.
Meanwhile, in a large bowl, combine the chocolate, sugar, egg white, vanilla and 2 tablespoons of water.
Set the bowl over the simmering water and stir with a rubber spatula until the chocolate is melted and the sugar is completely dissolved, about 5 minutes.
Remove from the heat and stir in the whole and chopped hazelnuts and stir to combine.
Refrigerate the mixture, uncovered, for 1 hour.
Using a bowl scraper, dump the mixture onto a large sheet of plastic wrap.
Use the plastic wrap to shape the chocolate into a log 9 ½-inches in length; refrigerate for 1 hour.
Transfer the log to a fresh sheet of plastic wrap and sprinkle the confectioners sugar on top. Roll to coat the log in the sugar, pressing it onto the sides; refrigerate for 1 hour, up to overnight.
To serve, shake off excess sugar and slice ¼-inch medallions.
Notes
Serve at room temperature. The sausage will keep for up to a week in the refrigerator.